Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the simplest and most physiologically natural method of medically assisted reproduction.
The procedure consists of introducing a prepared and selected sperm sample directly into the uterine cavity, bringing the sperm closer to the site of fertilization at the time of ovulation.
OVARIAN STIMULATION (IUI)
In most cases, intrauterine insemination (IUI) is preceded by ovarian stimulation to encourage the maturation of one or two follicles.
This treatment requires ultrasound and hormonal monitoring to ensure proper follicular development, control the number of follicles, and determine the optimal timing for triggering ovulation, followed by insemination.
For patients with regular menstrual cycles, follicular development can be supported by a few days of gonadotropin injections. However, IUI can also be performed in a spontaneous cycle, where only the natural development of the dominant follicle is monitored. This minimalist approach eliminates the risk of multiple pregnancies, which may be contraindicated in cases of uterine malformations, history of cervical amputation, cervical insufficiency, or chronic systemic conditions. However, pregnancy rates per cycle tend to be lower than those achieved with stimulated cycles.
For patients with ovulation disorders, conventional ovulation stimulation is required, with the same level of monitoring and follow-up.
OVULATION INDUCTION
Ovulation induction is used to precisely schedule the intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure. It involves a subcutaneous injection of recombinant hCG, which triggers ovulation 36 to 40 hours after administration.
SPERM COLLECTION AND PREPARATION
On the morning of the insemination, sperm is collected from the partner. Ideally, a short period of abstinence of approximately 48 hours is recommended to optimize sperm quality.
It is mandatory to present proof of identity, as sperm collection cannot proceed without proper identification.
Once identity verification is complete, the patient is directed to a private collection room within ART center, where the sperm sample is obtained by masturbation. The sample is then immediately sent to the laboratory for processing and preparation.
INSEMINATION PROCEDURE
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a simple, quick, and painless procedure performed at the ART center using sterile, single-use equipment.
After verifying the patient’s identity, the gynecologist and biologist proceed with the insemination. The patient is positioned on a gynecological examination table, and a speculum is gently inserted into the vagina to expose the cervix. Vaginal secretions are carefully wiped away using a sterile compress soaked in saline solution to ensure optimal conditions for the procedure.
The prepared sperm sample is contained in a small syringe connected to a flexible catheter. This catheter is gently introduced through the cervical canal and into the uterine cavity, where the sperm is deposited. The total volume of the sperm preparation is only a few milliliters.
There is no need for bed rest after insemination, as it does not increase the chances of pregnancy. Patients can resume their normal activities immediately after the procedure.
AFTER INSEMINATION
There are no specific restrictions following intrauterine insemination (IUI). Patients can safely resume normal activities, including exercise, travel, and sexual intercourse.
A blood pregnancy test is performed 15 days after insemination to determine whether the procedure was successful. If the result is positive, hCG levels will be closely monitored with repeated measurements, as this is the only reliable way to confirm that the early stages of pregnancy are progressing normally.
The first pregnancy ultrasound is scheduled five weeks after insemination. At this stage, it becomes possible to visualize the gestational sac and the presence of an embryo in the uterus.
If the pregnancy test is negative, there is no need to delay treatment. A new cycle of insemination can begin immediately, as taking a break between cycles does not improve the chances of success.
